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I am deeply grateful to my dear colleague Janet Ormrod who has kindly read and corrected my English translations of Greek or French testimonies. Thank you Janet!
Cher ami, j'avais longuement traîné à vous écrire sur cette délicate question [des accents], non que mon opinion soit le moins du monde en doute, mais je me demandais bien quelle autorité je pourrais avoir. Outre le fait que j'ai toujours lu le grec accentué traditionnellement et que ce tout petit savoir m'a tant de fois sauvé de l'erreur, il m'est revenu un mot que nous disait le P. Festugière, dont j'ose me réclamer.,
Il disait : « Dieu est caché dans les accents grecs », voulant dire que notre amour de la langue grecque devait aller au moindre détail de cette langue. Au risque de blesser Dieu qui y avait établi sa demeure.
Pour moi, c'est un mot qui me revient sans cesse lorsque je corrige des épreuves grecques. Pas de faute dans les accents !
By legislating in favor of the monotonic system, Greek has been “dummied down” short and simple. A century ago there were entrance examinations in Classical Greek for the prestigious universities in the USA. Today one need not know a foreign language at all in order to graduate with a university education. We call that phenomenon “dummy-ing down” and it pervades our entire culture. I am reminded of the question Euripides asks Ἕλληνες ὄντες βαρβάροις δουλεύσομεν; The question is not so much whether Greeks should serve outsiders (barbarians), but whether Greeks should serve the rabble (dummy down).
I am not a native speaker of Modern Greek. However, I have always been a lover of everything Greek. Greek I believe, though changed over time, has a long historical linguistic continuity from Homer to writers in Modern Greek (demotic). My father was for many years a professor of Hellenistic Greek in a Protestant Theological School. I was amazed in high school to discover that the New Testament of my Latin teacher (an English speaker, but also a native Greek speaker) was exactly the same edition of the New Testament on my father's desk (Nestle-Aland). During my short formal training in Attic Greek in college, the young man who sat next to me in class was a Greek/English speaker studying the language of Xenophon and Plato enthusiastically, with an obvious pride in his inherited culture. After College learning Greek was up to me and I taught myself sufficiently to pass the PhD language examinations in Philosophy for Greek, but that only began the process, for the research for my dissertation required me to learn to read Greek in the Renaissance style by learning the many ligatures which that involved. In recent years I have become interested in Paleography and have developed a modest competence in reading Medieval Miniscule.
As a Philosopher, I believe that it is vaguely true that the meaning of a word is its use. But that does not entail that the misuse of a word allows it to have a new meaning. If anything the meaning of a word ought to be its correct or proper use. Mistakes in usage are just exactly that - mistakes, so also with diacritics. One ought not to mistake mistakes in accentuation with need for a simplification of the language and its diacritics. It may seem elitist to think that the polytonic system is the correct system, but for historical continuity it is essential. Frankly, my knowledge of Modern Greek is limited, but I am delighted to find that there is a movement to restore the polytonic system, because to this writer who reads Greek without pronouncing it, as Modern Greeks might, the grapheme is more important than the phoneme. It is utterly amazing that politicians can legislate the writing of a language. They in fact do, but I find it frankly immoral to destroy a linguistic heritage by simply legislating a preference, in the name of democratization.
Fundamentally the monotonic-polytonic issue is a problem of education. The Greeks are not alone in this. English speakers experience similar problems, though not quite as dramatic. The great strength of the Greek Language is its overall historical continuity. One finds oneself impoverished to find another language with more than two millennia of continuity. The essential purpose of any language is communication. This is not a matter of communicating what we say, but what we mean, and quite frankly, we cannot mean what we say unless we say what we mean. Diacritics and hence the polytonic system give the language a subtlety and nuance which the monotonic does not. We all need to educate the populace and resist the temptation to yield nuance and subtlety of language to the vagaries and vulgarisms of common speech. Writing and speech are and ought to be different things. Because a person speaks incorrectly or with a measure of vagary does not entail that one ought to write as one speaks. ‘Can’ does not imply ‘Ought’. But, ‘Ought’ implies ‘Can’. We can speak and write incorrectly, but we ought to speak and write correctly and properly. It is my hope that the promoters of a restoration of the polytonic system are successful in their endeavor.
Send us your opinions and experiences: why do you use the polytonic system? do you think that its re-introduction is necessary? what do you answer to followers of the monotonic system?